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ÆÏÒÕÍÙ  ÐÏÍÏÝØ  ÐÏÉÓË  ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÑ  ÍÁÊÌÌÉÓÔ  ÷èïä  ÓÌÅÖËÁ  RSS
"VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
÷ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÅÞÁÔËÉ áÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÉÔØ - ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ! 
ðÒÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ | óÌÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ 
æÏÒÕÍÙ OpenNET: ÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÑ (Public)
éÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ [ðÒÏÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÚÁ ÒÁÚ×ÉÔÉÅÍ ÔÒÅÄÁ]

"VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(ok) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 08:42  (MSK)
RH9. ÎÁ ÎÅÍ ÄÓÌ ÍÏÄÅÍ + VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ poptop

option /etc/ppp/options.pptpd
localip 10.0.2.1 remoteip 10.0.2.2-250
pppd /usr/sbin/call-pppd

óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.
ping yandex.ru - ÐÉÎÇÕÅÔÓÑ, ÄÁÖÅ ICQ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ!
á ÓÁÊÔÙ ÎÅÇÒÕÚÑÔÓÑ.

ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÄÌÑ iptables ÂÒÁÌ ÏÔÓÀÄÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÌ ÔÁË ËÁË ÔÁÍ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ (ÔÏ ÞÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÅÌÅÊ ÄÌÑ iptables)

äÏÂÁ×ÉÌ Ó×ÏÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÔÁ É ÆÏÒ×ÁÒÄÉÎÇÁ ×ÐÎ ÓÅÔÉ
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.2.0/24 -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.0.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.0.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT

ôÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌ
iptables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.0.2.0/24 -d 10.0.2.0/24 -j ACCECPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT

é × modules.conf
alias net-pf-47 ip_gre
÷ÙÞÉÔÁÌ ÚÄÅÓØ http://www.hollenback.net/index.php/RedHat8PptpServer?PHPSESSID=50ae1ecbf962c9753e57446e23b4d8c7

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1

îÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ.
åÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÊ, ÎÁÐÉÛÕ, ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÐÏÍÏÛØ, ÉÌÉ ÓËÁÖÉÔÅ ÇÄÅ ÞÔÏ ÐÏÞÉÔÁÔØ.
çÄÅ ÔÏ ÞÉÔÁÌ ÞÔÏ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ mru É mtu ÎÁÄÏ ÐÏÜËÓÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÔ × ËÁËÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, × options.pptpd?


  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

 ïÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ

éÎÄÅËÓ ÆÏÒÕÍÏ× | ôÅÍÙ | ðÒÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ | óÌÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÔÅÍÅ

1. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ jonatan éÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 10:34  (MSK)
>RH9. ÎÁ ÎÅÍ ÄÓÌ ÍÏÄÅÍ + VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ poptop
îÅ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÎÑÌ. ûÌÀÚ RH9 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ dsl (pppoe) Ó ÉÎÅÔÏÍ, Á ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ Ë ÎÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ pptp?
  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

2. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 11:10  (MSK)
>>RH9. ÎÁ ÎÅÍ ÄÓÌ ÍÏÄÅÍ + VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ poptop
>îÅ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÎÑÌ. ûÌÀÚ RH9 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ dsl (pppoe) Ó ÉÎÅÔÏÍ, Á
>ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ Ë ÎÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ pptp?
äÓÌ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏ pppoe. úÁÄÁÞÁ ÒÁÓÛÁÒÉÔØ ÅÇÏ  ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÐÏ VPN.


  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

3. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ jonatan éÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 11:21  (MSK)
ðÏËÁÖÉ MTU ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×: pppoe, pptp ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× (ÅÓÌÉ w2k/xp, ÔÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 1400).
  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

4. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 11:36  (MSK)
>ðÏËÁÖÉ MTU ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×: pppoe, pptp ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× (ÅÓÌÉ w2k/xp, ÔÏ ÐÏ
>ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 1400).
pppoe ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ rpm ÐÁËÅÔÁ, ÜÔÏ Ñ Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÛÅÌ ÆÁÊÌ pppoe.conf
ifconfig
ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
          inet addr:xx.xx.xx.xx  P-t-P:xx.xx.xx.xx  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1492  Metric:1

÷ pptpd.conf
ÚÁÐÉÓÉ mtu, mru Ñ ÚÁËÏÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌ (ÎÅ ÐÏÍÎÀ ËÔÏ ÔÏ ÐÏÓÏ×ÅÔÏ×ÁÌ)
÷ options.pptpd
mru 1500
mtu 1500

options.pptd - Ñ ÔÁË ÐÏÎÉÍÁÀ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÞÅÍ, ÎÁ ×ÓÑËÉÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÚÁËÏÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ.

çÄÅ ÉÈ ÐÒÏÐÉÓÁÔØ?

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

5. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ jonatan éÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 12:03  (MSK)
åÓÌÉ × pptpd.conf ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ
option /etc/ppp/options.pptd
ÔÏ × /etc/ppp/options.pptd ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
mru 1400
mtu 1400
É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ ËÏÎÎÅËÔ ÏÔ pptp-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ.
  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

6. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 12:19  (MSK)
>åÓÌÉ × pptpd.conf ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ
>option /etc/ppp/options.pptd
>ÔÏ × /etc/ppp/options.pptd ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
>mru 1400
>mtu 1400
>É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ ËÏÎÎÅËÔ ÏÔ pptp-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ.

÷ pptpd.conf ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ
option /etc/ppp/options.pptpd

× options.pptpd
mru 1400 É mtu 1400 ÜÆÆÅËÔ ÔÏÔÖÅ, ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ :-(

åÓÌÉ ÎÁ VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ifconfig
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ppp1 ÉÍÅÅÔ MTU: 1396

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

7. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ jonatan éÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 12:39  (MSK)
á ÔÁË

mru 1400
mtu 1500

ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉ tcpdump ÎÁ pppoe ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ ËÁËÏÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

8. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 12:59  (MSK)
>á ÔÁË
>
>mru 1400
>mtu 1500
>
>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉ tcpdump ÎÁ pppoe ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ ËÁËÏÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
óÄÅÌÁÌ ifconfig
ppp1 MTU ÔÁË É ÏÓÔÁÌÓÑ 1396
ÄÁÍÐ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ tcpdump -i ppp1
19:50:46.623529 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:47.375067 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:48.214200 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:48.220115 10.0.2.3.2006 > 239.255.255.250.1900: udp 133
19:50:48.947970 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:49.503175 10.0.2.3.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps:  htype-#8 hlen:6 xid:0xa87aec06 secs:2560 C:10.0.2.3 file ""[|bootp]
19:50:49.698036 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:50.449486 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:51.199556 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:51.226336 10.0.2.3.2006 > 239.255.255.250.1900: udp 133
19:50:51.603095 10.0.2.3.2009 > 80.92.162.131.http: S 4158585260:4158585260(0) win 65280 <mss 1360,nop,nop,sackOK> (DF)
19:50:51.612774 80.92.162.131.http > 10.0.2.3.2009: S 484770080:484770080(0) ack 4158585261 win 5840 <mss 1412,nop,nop,sackOK> (DF)
19:50:51.633454 10.0.2.3.2009 > 80.92.162.131.http: . ack 1 win 65280 (DF)
19:50:51.643618 10.0.2.3.2009 > 80.92.162.131.http: P 1:371(370) ack 1 win 65280 (DF)
19:50:51.659536 80.92.162.131.http > 10.0.2.3.2009: . ack 371 win 6432 (DF)
19:50:51.950275 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:52.700285 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
19:50:53.451308 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

9. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ jonatan éÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(??) on 02-íÒÔ-05, 14:19  (MSK)
>ÄÁÍÐ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ tcpdump -i ppp1
ñ ÐÒÏÓÉÌ ÎÁ pppoe (ppp0)

>19:50:46.623529 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
>19:50:47.375067 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
>19:50:48.214200 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ "ÍÕÓÏÒÁ" ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ (ÎÅÞÅÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉÍ ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍ × éÎÅÔÅ) × Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ pptp-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÕÂÅÒÉ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ
- óÌÕÖÂÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ É ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁÍ ÓÅÔÅÊ Microsoft
- ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅÊ Microsoft

úÁÐÕÓÔÉ
tcpdump -i ppp0 host 80.92.162.131
É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊ ÓÎÏ×Á ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ

10. "VPN ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ. MASQUERADE ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ"
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ zorro1 emailéÓËÁÔØ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÒÕ÷ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÉ(ok) on 03-íÒÔ-05, 02:29  (MSK)
>>ÄÁÍÐ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ tcpdump -i ppp1
>ñ ÐÒÏÓÉÌ ÎÁ pppoe (ppp0)
>
>>19:50:46.623529 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
>>19:50:47.375067 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
>>19:50:48.214200 10.0.2.3.netbios-ns > 255.255.255.255.netbios-ns: NBT UDP PACKET(137): REGISTRATION; REQUEST; BROADCAST
>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ "ÍÕÓÏÒÁ" ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ (ÎÅÞÅÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉÍ ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍ × éÎÅÔÅ) ×
>Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ pptp-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÕÂÅÒÉ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ
>- óÌÕÖÂÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ É ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁÍ ÓÅÔÅÊ Microsoft
>- ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅÊ Microsoft
>
>úÁÐÕÓÔÉ
>tcpdump -i ppp0 host 80.92.162.131
>É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊ ÓÎÏ×Á ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ

÷ÓÅ ÐÏÂÅÄÉÌ. óÐÁÓÉÂÏ.
äÅÌÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ × ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.
ôÏÌØËÏ ÏÔÒÅÇÕÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÎÁ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÅ.

  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ × FAQ | CÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ | îÁ×ÅÒÈ


õÄÁÌÉÔØ

éÎÄÅËÓ ÆÏÒÕÍÏ× | ôÅÍÙ | ðÒÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ | óÌÅÄ. ÔÅÍÁ
ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÑÍÉ.




ðÁÒÔΣÒÙ:
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èÏÓÔÉÎÇ:

úÁËÌÁÄËÉ ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ
ðÒÏÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÚÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅÊ 		Created 1996-2025 by Maxim Chirkov
äÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ, ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÁÔØ, ÷ÅÂÍÁÓÔÅÒÕ