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dvips (1)
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    NAME
         dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript
    
    SYNOPSIS
         dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]
    
    DESCRIPTION
         THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See  the  Texinfo  documentation
         instead.   You can read it either in Emacs or with the stan-
         dalone info program which comes with the GNU texinfo distri-
         bution as prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz.
    
         The program dvips takes a DVI file  file[.dvi]  produced  by
         TeX  (or  by  some other processor such as GFtoDVI) and con-
         verts it to PostScript, normally sending the result directly
         to  the  (laser)printer.   The  DVI  file  may  be specified
         without the  .dvi  extension.   Fonts  used  may  either  be
         resident  in  the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files,
         or a `virtual' combination of both.  If the mktexpk  program
         is  installed,  dvips  will automatically invoke METAFONT to
         generate fonts that don't already exist.
    
         For more information, see  the  Texinfo  manual  dvips.texi,
         which  should  be  installed somewhere on your system, hope-
         fully accessible through the standard Info tree.
    
    OPTIONS
         -a   Conserve memory by making three passes  over  the  .dvi
              file  instead  of two and only loading those characters
              actually used.  Generally only useful on machines  with
              a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
    
         -A   Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
    
         -b num
              Generate num copies of each page, but  duplicating  the
              page  body  rather  than  using  the #numcopies option.
              This can be useful in conjunction with  a  header  file
              setting \bop-hook to do color separations or other neat
              tricks.
    
         -B   Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
    
         -c num
              Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For
              collated copies, see the -C option below.)
    
         -C num
              Create num copies, but  collated  (by  replicating  the
              data  in  the  PostScript  file).   Slower  than the -c
              option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resub-
              mitting the same PostScript file multiple times.
    
         -d num
              Set the debug flags.  This is intended only  for  emer-
              gencies  or  for  unusual  fact-finding expeditions; it
              will work only if dvips  has  been  compiled  with  the
              DEBUG  option.   If nonzero, prints additional informa-
              tion on standard output.  The number is taken as a  set
              of  independent bits.  The meaning of each bit follows.
              1=specials;  2=paths;  4=fonts;  8=pages;   16=headers;
              32=font compression; 64=files; 128=memory; 256=Kpathsea
              stat(2)  calls;  512=Kpathsea   hash   table   lookups;
              1024=Kpathsea  path  element  expansion;  2048=Kpathsea
              searches.  To trace everything having to do  with  file
              searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 + 1024 + 512 + 64
              + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is
              extremely voluminous).
    
         -D num
              Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.  This
              affects  the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and
              also the positioning of letters in resident  PostScript
              fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000.  This affects both
              the horizontal and  vertical  resolution.   If  a  high
              resolution  (something  greater  than  400 dpi, say) is
              selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.
    
         -e num
              Make sure that each character is placed  at  most  this
              many  pixels  from  its  `true'  resolution-independent
              position on the page. The default value of this parame-
              ter is resolution dependent.  Allowing individual char-
              acters to `drift' from their  correctly  rounded  posi-
              tions  by  a few pixels, while regaining the true posi-
              tion at the beginning of each new  word,  improves  the
              spacing of letters in words.
    
         -E   makes dvips attempt to generate an  EPSF  file  with  a
              tight bounding box.  This only works on one-page files,
              and it only looks  at  marks  made  by  characters  and
              rules,  not  by any included graphics.  In addition, it
              gets the glyph metrics from the tfm file, so characters
              that  lie  outside  their enclosing tfm box may confuse
              it.  In addition, the bounding box might be a  bit  too
              loose  if  the  character glyph has significant left or
              right side bearings.  Nonetheless,  this  option  works
              well  for  creating  small  EPSF files for equations or
              tables or the like.  (Note, of course, that dvips  out-
              put is resolution dependent and thus does not make very
              good EPSF files, especially if the  images  are  to  be
              scaled;  use  these  EPSF  files  with  a great deal of
              care.)
    
         -f   Run as a filter.  Read  the  .dvi  file  from  standard
              input and write the PostScript to standard output.  The
              standard input must be seekable,  so  it  cannot  be  a
              pipe.   If  you  must  use a pipe, write a shell script
              that copies the pipe output to  a  temporary  file  and
              then  points dvips at this file.  This option also dis-
              ables the automatic reading of the PRINTER  environment
              variable,  and  turns off the automatic sending of con-
              trol D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the
              configuration  file;  use  -F  after this option if you
              want both.
    
         -F   Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended  as  the
              very  last  character  of the PostScript file.  This is
              useful when  dvips  is  driving  the  printer  directly
              instead  of  working through a spooler, as is common on
              extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!
    
         -h name
              Prepend file name as an additional header  file.  (How-
              ever,  if  the  name  is simply `-' suppress all header
              files from the output.)  This header file gets added to
              the PostScript userdict.
    
         -i   Make each section be a separate  file.   Under  certain
              circumstances,  dvips  will  split the document up into
              `sections' to be processed independently; this is  most
              often done for memory reasons.  Using this option tells
              dvips to place each section into a separate  file;  the
              new  file names are created replacing the suffix of the
              supplied output file name  by  a  three-digit  sequence
              number.   This option is most often used in conjunction
              with the -S  option  which  sets  the  maximum  section
              length  in  pages.  For instance, some phototypesetters
              cannot print more than  ten  or  so  consecutive  pages
              before  running out of steam; these options can be used
              to automatically split a book into  ten-page  sections,
              each to its own file.
    
         -k   Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper size
              (which  should  be  specified, either with a paper size
              special or with the -T option) by a half inch  in  each
              dimension.   It  translates each page by a quarter inch
              and draws cross-style crop marks.  It is mostly  useful
              with  typesetters  that can set the page size automati-
              cally.
    
         -K   This option  causes  comments  in  included  PostScript
              graphics,  font files, and headers to be removed.  This
              is sometimes necessary to get around bugs  in  spoolers
              or  PostScript post-processing programs.  Specifically,
              the %%Page comments, when left in, often  cause  diffi-
              culties.   Use  of  this  flag  can cause some included
              graphics to fail, since the  PostScript  header  macros
              from  some software packages read portions of the input
              stream line by line, searching for  a  particular  com-
              ment.   This  option  has  been  turned  off by default
              because PostScript previewers and  spoolers  have  been
              getting better.
    
         -l num
              The last page printed will be the  first  one  numbered
              num  Default  is the last page in the document.  If the
              num is prefixed by an equals sign,  then  it  (and  any
              argument  to  the  -p  option) is treated as a sequence
              number, rather than a value  to  compare  with  \count0
              values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth page
              of the document, no matter what the pages are  actually
              numbered.
    
         -m   Specify manual feed for printer.
    
         -M   Turns off the automatic font generation  facility.   If
              any  fonts  are missing, commands to generate the fonts
              are appended to the file missfont.log  in  the  current
              directory;  this  file can then be executed and deleted
              to create the missing fonts.
    
         -n num
              At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
    
         -N   Turns off structured comments; this might be  necessary
              on  some  systems that try to interpret PostScript com-
              ments in weird ways, or on  some  PostScript  printers.
              Old  versions of TranScript in particular cannot handle
              modern Encapsulated PostScript.
    
         -o name
              The output will be sent to file name If no file name is
              given,  the default name is file.ps where the .dvi file
              was called file.dvi; if this option  isn't  given,  any
              default  in  the  configuration  file  is used.  If the
              first character of the supplied output file name is  an
              exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an
              argument to popen; thus, specifying !lpr as the  output
              file  will  automatically  queue the file for printing.
              This option also disables the automatic reading of  the
              PRINTER   environment   variable,  and  turns  off  the
              automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with
              the  -F  option  or  in  the configuration file; use -F
              after this option if you want both.
    
         -O offset
              Move the origin by a certain amount.  The offset  is  a
              comma-separated  pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm
              (in the same syntax used  in  the  papersize  special).
              The  origin  of  the  page  is shifted from the default
              position (of one inch down, one inch to the right  from
              the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount.
    
         -p num
              The first page printed will be the first  one  numbered
              num. Default is the first page in the document.  If the
              num is prefixed by an equals sign,  then  it  (and  any
              argument  to  the  -l  option) is treated as a sequence
              number, rather than a value  to  compare  with  \count0
              values.   Thus,  using  -p =3 will start with the third
              page of the document, no  matter  what  the  pages  are
              actually numbered.
    
         -pp pagelist
              A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be
              given,  which  will  be  interpreted as \count0 values.
              Pages not specified will not be printed.  Multiple  -pp
              options  may  be specified or all pages and page ranges
              can be specified with one -pp option.
    
         -P printername
              Sets up the output for the appropriate  printer.   This
              is implemented by reading in config.printername , which
              can then set the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername
              as  well  as  the  font  paths  and any other config.ps
              defaults for that printer only.  Note that config.ps is
              read  before  config.printername  In  addition, another
              file called  ~/.dvipsrc  is  searched  for  immediately
              after   config.ps;  this  file  is  intended  for  user
              defaults.  If no -P command is given,  the  environment
              variable  PRINTER is checked.  If that variable exists,
              and a corresponding  configuration  file  exists,  that
              configuration file is read in.
    
         -q   Run in quiet mode.   Don't  chatter  about  pages  con-
              verted,  etc.;  report  nothing  but errors to standard
              error.
    
         -r   Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be
              printed first.
    
         -R   Run in secure mode. This means that  ``backtick''  com-
              mands  from  a  \special{}  or  \psffile{} macro in the
              (La)TeX source like " \special{psfile="`zcat foo.ps.Z"}
              or  \psffile[72  72  540 720]{"`zcat screendump.ps.gz"}
              are not executed.
    
         -s   Causes the entire global output to  be  enclosed  in  a
              save/restore  pair.   This  causes  the  file to not be
              truly conformant, and is thus not recommended,  but  is
              useful  if  you  are  driving  the printer directly and
              don't care too much about the portability of  the  out-
              put.
    
         -S num
              Set the maximum number  of  pages  in  each  `section'.
              This  option  is most commonly used with the -i option;
              see that documentation above for more information.
    
         -t papertype
              This sets the paper type to  papertype.  The  papertype
              should  be  defined  in one of the configuration files,
              along  with  the  appropriate  code   to   select   it.
              (Currently  known  types include letter, legal, ledger,
              a4, a3, ) You can  also  specify  -t  landscape,  which
              rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To rotate a document
              whose size is not letter, you can  use  the  -t  option
              twice,  once for the page size, and once for landscape.
              The upper left corner of each page in the .dvi file  is
              placed  one  inch  from  the left and one inch from the
              top.  Use of this option is  highly  dependent  on  the
              configuration  file.  Note that executing the letter or
              a4 or other PostScript operators cause the document  to
              be  nonconforming and can cause it not to print on cer-
              tain printers, so the paper  size  should  not  execute
              such an operator if at all possible.
    
         -T offset
              Set the paper size to the  given  pair  of  dimensions.
              This  option takes its arguments in the same style as -
              O. It overrides any paper size special in the dvi file.
    
         -U   Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization
              that  stores  the  character  metric information in the
              same string that is used to store the  bitmap  informa-
              tion.   This  is  only necessary when driving the Xerox
              4045 PostScript interpreter.  It is caused by a bug  in
              that  interpreter that results in `garbage' on the bot-
              tom of each character.  Not recommended unless you must
              drive this printer.
    
         -V   Download  non-resident  PostScript  fonts  as  bitmaps.
              This  requires  use  of  `gsftopk'  or `pstopk' or some
              other such program(s) in order to generate the required
              bitmap fonts; these programs are supplied with dvips.
    
         -x num
              Set the magnification ratio to num /1000. Overrides the
              magnification  specified  in  the  .dvi  file.  Must be
              between 10 and 100000.
    
         -X num
              Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
    
         -Y num
              Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
    
         -Z   Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
              downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the PostScript
              font-downloading  information.   Especially  useful  at
              high  resolutions  or  when  very large fonts are used.
              Will slow down printing somewhat, especially  on  early
              68000-based PostScript printers.
    
    SEE ALSO
         mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.texi.
    
    ENVIRONMENT
         Dvipsk uses the same environment  variables  and  algorithms
         for  finding  font files as TeX and its friends do.  See the
         documentation  for  the  Kpathsea   library   for   details.
         (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)
    
         KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1  for  com-
         plete tracing.
    
         PRINTER: see above.
    
    NOTES
         PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incor-
         porated.
    
    AUTHOR
         Tomas Rokicki <[email protected]>; extended to virtual
         fonts by Don Knuth.  Path searching and configuration modif-
         ications by [email protected].
    
    
    
    


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