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ieee80211_radiotap (9)
  • >> ieee80211_radiotap (9) ( FreeBSD man: Ядро )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    ieee80211_radiotap
    
     - software 802.11 stack packet capture definitions
    
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

       #include <net80211/ieee80211_var.h>
       #include <net80211/ieee80211_ioctl.h>
       #include <net80211/ieee80211_radiotap.h>
       #include <net/bpf.h>
     

    DESCRIPTION

    The definitions provide a device-independent bpf(4) attachment for the capture of information about 802.11 traffic which is not part of the 802.11 frame structure.

    Radiotap was designed to balance the desire for a capture format that conserved CPU and memory bandwidth on embedded systems, with the desire for a hardware-independent, extensible format that would support the diverse capabilities of virtually all 802.11 radios.

    These considerations led radiotap to settle on a format consisting of a standard preamble followed by an extensible bitmap indicating the presence of optional capture fields.

    The capture fields were packed into the header as compactly as possible, modulo the requirements that they had to be packed swiftly, with suitable alignment, in the same order as the bits indicating their presence.

    This typically includes information such as signal quality and timestamps. This information may be used by a variety of user agents, including tcpdump(1). It is requested by using the bpf(4) data-link type DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO

    Each frame using this attachment has the following header prepended to it:

    struct ieee80211_radiotap_header {
            u_int8_t        it_version;     /* set to 0 */
            u_int8_t        it_pad;
            u_int16_t       it_len;         /* entire length */
            u_int32_t       it_present;     /* fields present */
    } __attribute__((__packed__));
    

    A device driver implementing Vt radiotap typically defines a packed structure embedding an instance of Vt struct ieee80211_radiotap_header at the beginning, with subsequent fields in the appropriate order, and a macro to set the bits of the it_present bitmap to indicate which fields exist and are filled in by the driver.

    Radiotap headers are copied to the userland via a separate bpf attachment. It is necessary for the driver to create this attachment after calling ieee80211_ifattach9 by calling bpfattach2 ();
    with the data-link type set to DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO

    When the the information is available, usually immediately before a link-layer transmission or after a receive, the driver copies it to the bpf layer using the bpf_mtap2 ();
    function.

    The following extension fields are defined for Vt radiotap , in the order in which they should appear in the buffer copied to userland:

    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TSFT
    This field contains the unsigned 64-bit value, in microseconds, of the MAC's 802.11 Time Synchronization Function timer, when the first bit of the MPDU arrived at the MAC. This field should be present for received frames only.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
    This field contains a single unsigned 8-bit value, containing a bitmap of flags specifying properties of the frame being transmitted or received.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
    This field contains a single unsigned 8-bit value, which is the data rate in use in units of 500Kbps.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL
    This field contains two unsigned 16-bit values. The first value is the frequency upon which this PDU was transmitted or received. The second value is a bitmap containing flags which specify properties of the channel in use. These are documented within the header file, In net80211/ieee80211_radiotap.h .
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FHSS
    This field contains two 8-bit values. This field should be present for frequency-hopping radios only. The first byte is the hop set. The second byte is the pattern in use.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL
    This field contains a single signed 8-bit value, which indicates the RF signal power at the antenna, in decibels difference from 1mW.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE
    This field contains a single signed 8-bit value, which indicates the RF noise power at the antenna, in decibels difference from 1mW.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_LOCK_QUALITY
    This field contains a single unsigned 16-bit value, indicating the quality of the Barker Code lock. No unit is specified for this field. There does not appear to be a standard way of measuring this at this time; this quantity is often referred to as ``Signal Quality'' in some datasheets.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_ATTENUATION
    This field contains a single unsigned 16-bit value, expressing transmit power as unitless distance from maximum power set at factory calibration. 0 indicates maximum transmit power. Monotonically nondecreasing with lower power levels.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_TX_ATTENUATION
    This field contains a single unsigned 16-bit value, expressing transmit power as decibel distance from maximum power set at factory calibration. 0 indicates maximum transmit power. Monotonically nondecreasing with lower power levels.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER
    Transmit power expressed as decibels from a 1mW reference. This field is a single signed 8-bit value. This is the absolute power level measured at the antenna port.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA
    For radios which support antenna diversity, this field contains a single unsigned 8-bit value specifying which antenna is being used to transmit or receive this frame. The first antenna is antenna 0.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTSIGNAL
    This field contains a single unsigned 8-bit value, which indicates the RF signal power at the antenna, in decibels difference from an arbitrary, fixed reference.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTNOISE
    This field contains a single unsigned 8-bit value, which indicates the RF noise power at the antenna, in decibels difference from an arbitrary, fixed reference.
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_EXT
    This bit is reserved for any future extensions to the Vt radiotap structure. It should not be used at this time.

     

    EXAMPLES

    Radiotap header for the Cisco Aironet driver:
    struct an_rx_radiotap_header {
            struct ieee80211_radiotap_header        ar_ihdr;
            u_int8_t        ar_flags;
            u_int8_t        ar_rate;
            u_int16_t       ar_chan_freq;
            u_int16_t       ar_chan_flags;
            u_int8_t        ar_antsignal;
            u_int8_t        ar_antnoise;
    } __attribute__((__packed__));
    

    Bitmap indicating which fields are present in the above structure:

    #define AN_RX_RADIOTAP_PRESENT \
            ((1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS) | \
             (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE) | \
             (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL) | \
             (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL) | \
             (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE))
    
     

    SEE ALSO

    bpf(4), ieee80211(9)  

    HISTORY

    The definitions first appeared in Nx 1.5 , and were later ported to Fx 4.6 .  

    AUTHORS

    An -nosplit The interface was designed and implemented by An David Young Aq [email protected] .

    This manual page was written by An Bruce M. Simpson Aq [email protected] and An Darron Broad Aq [email protected] .


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    EXAMPLES
    SEE ALSO
    HISTORY
    AUTHORS


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