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nanobsd (8)
  • >> nanobsd (8) ( FreeBSD man: Команды системного администрирования )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    nanobsd.sh
    
     - utility used to create a FreeBSD system image suitable for embedded
    
    applications
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    [-bhkw ] [-c config-file ]  

    DESCRIPTION

    The utility is a script which produces a minimal implementation of Fx (called NanoBSD ) which typically fits on a small media such as a Compact Flash card, or other mass storage medium. It can be used to build specialized install images, designed for easy installation and maintenance.

    The following options are available:

    -b
    Skip the build stages (both for kernel and world).
    -c config-file
    Specify the configuration file to use.
    -h
    Display usage information.
    -k
    Skip the buildkernel stage of the build.
    -w
    Skip the buildworld stage of the build.

    The features of NanoBSD include:

     

    NanoBSD  

    Media Layout

    The mass storage medium is divided into three parts by default (which are normally mounted read-only):

    The /etc and /var directories are md(4) (malloc backed) disks.

    The configuration file partition persists under the /cfg directory. It contains files for /etc directory and is briefly mounted read-only right after the system boot, therefore it is required to copy modified files from /etc back to the /cfg directory if changes are expected to persist after the system restarts.  

    BUILDING NanoBSD

    A NanoBSD image is built using a simple shell script, which can be found in the src/tools/tools/nanobsd directory. This script creates a bootable image, which can be copied on the storage medium using the dd(1) utility.

    The necessary commands to build and install a NanoBSD image are:

    cd /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd
    sh nanobsd.sh
    cd /usr/obj/nanobsd.full
    dd if=_.disk.full of=/dev/da0 bs=64k
    
     

    CUSTOMIZING NanoBSD

    This is probably the most important and most interesting feature of NanoBSD This is also where you will be spending most of the time when developing with NanoBSD

    Customization is done in two ways:

    With configuration settings, it is possible to configure options passed to both the buildworld and installworld stages of the NanoBSD build process, as well as internal options passed to the main build process of NanoBSD Through these options it is possible to cut the system down, so it will fit on as little as 64MB. You can use the configuration options to trim down the system even more, until it will consist of just the kernel and two or three files in the userland.

    The configuration file consists of configuration options, which override the default values. The most important directives are:

    NANO_NAME
    Build name (used to construct the working directory names).
    NANO_SRC
    Path to the source tree used to build the image.
    NANO_KERNEL
    Name of the kernel configuration file used to build the kernel.
    NANO_BOOT0CFG
    Controls the options passed to boot0cfg(8); these dictate boot0 's behaviour.
    NANO_BOOTLOADER
    The boot0 loader to use relative to the NANO_WORLDDIR variable. This defaults to boot/boot0sio and should be overridden to boot/boot0 to provide a VGA console.
    CONF_BUILD
    Options passed to the buildworld stage of the build.
    CONF_INSTALL
    Options passed to the installworld stage of the build.
    CONF_WORLD
    Options passed to both the buildworld and installworld stages of the build.
    FlashDevice
    Defines the type of media to use. Check the FlashDevice.sub file for more details.

    For more configuration options, please check the script.

    To build NanoBSD image using the nanobsd.conf configuration file, use the following command:

    sh nanobsd.sh -c nanobsd.conf
    

    It is possible to fine-tune NanoBSD using shell functions in the configuration file. The following example illustrates the basic model of custom functions:

    cust_foo () (
            echo "bar=topless" > \
                 ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/etc/foo
    )
    customize_cmd cust_foo
    

    There are a few pre-defined customization functions ready for use:

    cust_comconsole
    Disables getty(8) on the virtual syscons(4) terminals (/dev/ttyv* ) and enables the use of the first serial port as the system console.
    cust_allow_ssh_root
    Allow root to log in via sshd(8).
    cust_install_files
    Installs files from the nanobsd/Files directory, which contains some useful scripts for system administration.

     

    FILES

    src/tools/tools/nanobsd
    Base directory of the NanoBSD build script.

     

    EXAMPLES

    Making persistent changes to /etc/resolv.conf
    vi /etc/resolv.conf
    ...
    mount /cfg
    cp /etc/resolv.conf /cfg
    umount /cfg
    

    A more useful example of a customization function is the following, which changes the default size of the /etc directory from 5MB to 30MB:

    cust_etc_size () (
            cd ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/conf
            echo 30000 > default/etc/md_size
    )
    customize_cmd cust_etc_size
    
     

    SEE ALSO

    make.conf5, boot(8), boot0cfg(8), picobsd(8)  

    HISTORY

    The utility first appeared in Fx 6.0 .  

    AUTHORS

    An -nosplit NanoBSD was developed by An Poul-Henning Kamp Aq [email protected] . This manual page was written by An Daniel Gerzo Aq [email protected] .


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    Nm NanoBSD Ss Media Layout
    Media Layout
    BUILDING Nm NanoBSD
    CUSTOMIZING Nm NanoBSD
    FILES
    EXAMPLES
    SEE ALSO
    HISTORY
    AUTHORS


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