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perlwin32 (1)
  • >> perlwin32 (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
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  • 
    
    

    NAME

         perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
    
    
    

    SYNOPSIS

         These are instructions for building Perl under Windows (9x,
         NT and 2000).
    
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

         Before you start, you should glance through the README file
         found in the top-level directory where the Perl distribution
         was extracted.  Make sure you read and understand the terms
         under which this software is being distributed.
    
         Also make sure you read the BUGS AND CAVEATS entry elsewhere
         in this document below for the known limitations of this
         port.
    
         The INSTALL file in the perl top-level has much information
         that is only relevant to people building Perl on Unix-like
         systems.  In particular, you can safely ignore any
         information that talks about "Configure".
    
         You may also want to look at two other options for building
         a perl that will work on Windows NT:  the README.cygwin and
         README.os2 files, which each give a different set of rules
         to build a Perl that will work on Win32 platforms.  Those
         two methods will probably enable you to build a more Unix-
         compatible perl, but you will also need to download and use
         various other build-time and run-time support software
         described in those files.
    
         This set of instructions is meant to describe a so-called
         "native" port of Perl to Win32 platforms.  The resulting
         Perl requires no additional software to run (other than what
         came with your operating system).  Currently, this port is
         capable of using one of the following compilers:
    
               Borland C++               version 5.02 or later
               Microsoft Visual C++      version 4.2 or later
               Mingw32 with GCC          version 2.95.2 or better
    
         The last of these is a high quality freeware compiler.
         Support for it is still experimental.  (Older versions of
         GCC are known not to work.)
    
         This port currently supports MakeMaker (the set of modules
         that is used to build extensions to perl).  Therefore, you
         should be able to build and install most extensions found in
         the CPAN sites.  See the Usage Hints entry elsewhere in this
         document below for general hints about this.
    
    
         Setting Up
    
         Make
             You need a "make" program to build the sources.  If you
             are using Visual C++ under Windows NT or 2000, nmake
             will work.  All other builds need dmake.
    
             dmake is a freely available make that has very nice
             macro features and parallelability.
    
             A port of dmake for Windows is available from:
    
                 http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/dmake-4.1pl1-win32.zip
    
             (This is a fixed version of original dmake sources
             obtained from http://www.wticorp.com/dmake/.  As of
             version 4.1PL1, the original sources did not build as
             shipped, and had various other problems.  A patch is
             included in the above fixed version.)
    
             Fetch and install dmake somewhere on your path (follow
             the instructions in the README.NOW file).
    
         Command Shell
             Use the default "cmd" shell that comes with NT.  Some
             versions of the popular 4DOS/NT shell have
             incompatibilities that may cause you trouble.  If the
             build fails under that shell, try building again with
             the cmd shell.
    
             The nmake Makefile also has known incompatibilites with
             the "command.com" shell that comes with Windows 9x.  You
             will need to use dmake and makefile.mk to build under
             Windows 9x.
    
             The surest way to build it is on Windows NT, using the
             cmd shell.
    
             Make sure the path to the build directory does not
             contain spaces.  The build usually works in this
             circumstance, but some tests will fail.
    
         Borland C++
             If you are using the Borland compiler, you will need
             dmake.  (The make that Borland supplies is seriously
             crippled, and will not work for MakeMaker builds.)
    
             See L/"Make"> above.
    
         Microsoft Visual C++
             The nmake that comes with Visual C++ will suffice for
             building.  You will need to run the VCVARS32.BAT file
             usually found somewhere like C:\MSDEV4.2\BIN.  This will
             set your build environment.
    
             You can also use dmake to build using Visual C++,
             provided:  you set OSRELEASE to "microsft" (or whatever
             the directory name under which the Visual C dmake
             configuration lives) in your environment, and edit
             win32/config.vc to change "make=nmake" into
             "make=dmake".  The latter step is only essential if you
             want to use dmake as your default make for building
             extensions using MakeMaker.
    
         Mingw32 with GCC
             GCC-2.95.2 binaries can be downloaded from:
    
                 ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/
    
             The GCC-2.95.2 bundle comes with Mingw32 libraries and
             headers.
    
             Make sure you install the binaries that work with
             MSVCRT.DLL as indicated in the README for the GCC
             bundle.  You may need to set up a few environment
             variables (usually run from a batch file).
    
             You also need dmake.  See the Make entry elsewhere in
             this document above on how to get it.
    
         Building
    
         o   Make sure you are in the "win32" subdirectory under the
             perl toplevel.  This directory contains a "Makefile"
             that will work with versions of nmake that come with
             Visual C++, and a dmake "makefile.mk" that will work for
             all supported compilers.  The defaults in the dmake
             makefile are setup to build using the GCC compiler.
    
         o   Edit the makefile.mk (or Makefile, if using nmake) and
             change the values of INST_DRV and INST_TOP.   You can
             also enable various build flags.  These are explained in
             the makefiles.
    
             You will have to make sure CCTYPE is set correctly, and
             CCHOME points to wherever you installed your compiler.
    
             The default value for CCHOME in the makefiles for Visual
             C++ may not be correct for some versions.  Make sure the
             default exists and is valid.
    
             If you have either the source or a library that contains
             des_fcrypt(), enable the appropriate option in the
             makefile.  des_fcrypt() is not bundled with the
             distribution due to US Government restrictions on the
             export of cryptographic software.  Nevertheless, this
             routine is part of the "libdes" library (written by Eric
             Young) which is widely available worldwide, usually
             along with SSLeay (for example:
             "ftp://fractal.mta.ca/pub/crypto/SSLeay/DES/").  Set
             CRYPT_SRC to the name of the file that implements
             des_fcrypt().  Alternatively, if you have built a
             library that contains des_fcrypt(), you can set
             CRYPT_LIB to point to the library name.  The location
             above contains many versions of the "libdes" library,
             all with slightly different implementations of
             des_fcrypt().  Older versions have a single, self-
             contained file (fcrypt.c) that implements crypt(), so
             they may be easier to use.  A patch against the fcrypt.c
             found in libdes-3.06 is in des_fcrypt.patch.
    
             Perl will also build without des_fcrypt(), but the
             crypt() builtin will fail at run time.
    
             Be sure to read the instructions near the top of the
             makefiles carefully.
    
         o   Type "dmake" (or "nmake" if you are using that make).
    
             This should build everything.  Specifically, it will
             create perl.exe, perl56.dll at the perl toplevel, and
             various other extension dll's under the lib\auto
             directory.  If the build fails for any reason, make sure
             you have done the previous steps correctly.
    
         Testing
    
         Type "dmake test" (or "nmake test").  This will run most of
         the tests from the testsuite (many tests will be skipped).
    
         No tests should typically fail when running Windows NT 4.0.
         Under Windows 2000, test 22 in lib/open3.t is known to fail
         (cause still unknown).  Many tests will fail under Windows
         9x due to the inferior command shell.
    
         Some test failures may occur if you use a command shell
         other than the native "cmd.exe", or if you are building from
         a path that contains spaces.  So don't do that.
    
         If you are running the tests from a emacs shell window, you
         may see failures in op/stat.t.  Run "dmake test-notty" in
         that case.
    
         If you're using the Borland compiler, you may see a failure
         in op/taint.t arising from the inability to find the Borland
         Runtime DLLs on the system default path.  You will need to
         copy the DLLs reported by the messages from where Borland
         chose to install it, into the Windows system directory
         (usually somewhere like C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32), and rerun the
         test.
    
         Please report any other failures as described under the BUGS
         AND CAVEATS entry elsewhere in this document.
    
         Installation
    
         Type "dmake install" (or "nmake install").  This will put
         the newly built perl and the libraries under whatever
         `INST_TOP' points to in the Makefile.  It will also install
         the pod documentation under `$INST_TOP\$VERSION\lib\pod' and
         HTML versions of the same under
         `$INST_TOP\$VERSION\lib\pod\html'.  To use the Perl you just
         installed, you will need to add two components to your PATH
         environment variable, `$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin', and
         `$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin\$ARCHNAME'.  For example:
    
             set PATH c:\perl\5.6.0\bin;c:\perl\5.6.0\bin\MSWin32-x86;%PATH%
    
         If you opt to comment out INST_VER and INST_ARCH in the
         makefiles, the installation structure is much simpler.  In
         that case, it will be sufficient to add a single entry to
         the path, for instance:
    
             set PATH c:\perl\bin;%PATH%
    
    
         Usage Hints
    
         Environment Variables
             The installation paths that you set during the build get
             compiled into perl, so you don't have to do anything
             additional to start using that perl (except add its
             location to your PATH variable).
    
             If you put extensions in unusual places, you can set
             PERL5LIB to a list of paths separated by semicolons
             where you want perl to look for libraries.  Look for
             descriptions of other environment variables you can set
             in the perlrun manpage.
    
             You can also control the shell that perl uses to run
             system() and backtick commands via PERL5SHELL.  See the
             perlrun manpage.
    
             Perl does not depend on the registry, but it can look up
             certain default values if you choose to put them there.
             Perl attempts to read entries from
             `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Perl' and
             `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Perl'.  Entries in the
             former override entries in the latter.  One or more of
             the following entries (of type REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ)
             may be set:
    
                 lib-$]              version-specific standard library path to add to @INC
                 lib                 standard library path to add to @INC
                 sitelib-$]          version-specific site library path to add to @INC
                 sitelib             site library path to add to @INC
                 vendorlib-$]        version-specific vendor library path to add to @INC
                 vendorlib           vendor library path to add to @INC
                 PERL*               fallback for all %ENV lookups that begin with "PERL"
    
             Note the `$]' in the above is not literal.  Substitute
             whatever version of perl you want to honor that entry,
             e.g. `5.6.0'.  Paths must be separated with semicolons,
             as usual on win32.
    
         File Globbing
             By default, perl handles file globbing using the
             File::Glob extension, which provides portable globbing.
    
             If you want perl to use globbing that emulates the
             quirks of DOS filename conventions, you might want to
             consider using File::DosGlob to override the internal
             glob() implementation.  See the File::DosGlob manpage
             for details.
    
         Using perl from the command line
             If you are accustomed to using perl from various
             command-line shells found in UNIX environments, you will
             be less than pleased with what Windows offers by way of
             a command shell.
    
             The crucial thing to understand about the "cmd" shell
             (which is the default on Windows NT) is that it does not
             do any wildcard expansions of command-line arguments (so
             wildcards need not be quoted).  It also provides only
             rudimentary quoting.  The only (useful) quote character
             is the double quote (").  It can be used to protect
             spaces in arguments and other special characters.  The
             Windows NT documentation has almost no description of
             how the quoting rules are implemented, but here are some
             general observations based on experiments:  The shell
             breaks arguments at spaces and passes them to programs
             in argc/argv.  Doublequotes can be used to prevent
             arguments with spaces in them from being split up.  You
             can put a double quote in an argument by escaping it
             with a backslash and enclosing the whole argument within
             double quotes.  The backslash and the pair of double
             quotes surrounding the argument will be stripped by the
             shell.
             The file redirection characters "<", ">", and "|" cannot
             be quoted by double quotes (there are probably more
             such).  Single quotes will protect those three file
             redirection characters, but the single quotes don't get
             stripped by the shell (just to make this type of quoting
             completely useless).  The caret "^" has also been
             observed to behave as a quoting character (and doesn't
             get stripped by the shell also).
    
             Here are some examples of usage of the "cmd" shell:
    
             This prints two doublequotes:
    
                 perl -e "print '\"\"' "
    
             This does the same:
    
                 perl -e "print \"\\\"\\\"\" "
    
             This prints "bar" and writes "foo" to the file "blurch":
    
                 perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" > blurch
    
             This prints "foo" ("bar" disappears into nowhereland):
    
                 perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2> nul
    
             This prints "bar" and writes "foo" into the file
             "blurch":
    
                 perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 1> blurch
    
             This pipes "foo" to the "less" pager and prints "bar" on
             the console:
    
                 perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" | less
    
             This pipes "foo\nbar\n" to the less pager:
    
                 perl -le "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2>&1 | less
    
             This pipes "foo" to the pager and writes "bar" in the
             file "blurch":
    
                 perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2> blurch | less
    
             Discovering the usefulness of the "command.com" shell on
             Windows 9x is left as an exercise to the reader :)
    
         Building Extensions
             The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) offers a
             wealth of extensions, some of which require a C compiler
             to build.  Look in http://www.cpan.org/ for more
             information on CPAN.
    
             Note that not all of the extensions available from CPAN
             may work in the Win32 environment; you should check the
             information at http://testers.cpan.org/ before investing
             too much effort into porting modules that don't readily
             build.
    
             Most extensions (whether they require a C compiler or
             not) can be built, tested and installed with the
             standard mantra:
    
                 perl Makefile.PL
                 $MAKE
                 $MAKE test
                 $MAKE install
    
             where $MAKE is whatever 'make' program you have
             configured perl to use.  Use "perl -V:make" to find out
             what this is.  Some extensions may not provide a
             testsuite (so "$MAKE test" may not do anything, or
             fail), but most serious ones do.
    
             It is important that you use a supported 'make' program,
             and ensure Config.pm knows about it.  If you don't have
             nmake, you can either get dmake from the location
             mentioned earlier, or get an old version of nmake
             reportedly available from:
    
                 ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/nmake15.exe
    
             Another option is to use the make written in Perl,
             available from CPAN:
    
                 http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/NI-S/Make-0.03.tar.gz
    
             You may also use dmake.  See the Make entry elsewhere in
             this document above on how to get it.
    
             Note that MakeMaker actually emits makefiles with
             different syntax depending on what 'make' it thinks you
             are using.  Therefore, it is important that one of the
             following values appears in Config.pm:
    
                 make='nmake'        # MakeMaker emits nmake syntax
                 make='dmake'        # MakeMaker emits dmake syntax
                 any other value     # MakeMaker emits generic make syntax
                                         (e.g GNU make, or Perl make)
    
             If the value doesn't match the 'make' program you want
             to use, edit Config.pm to fix it.
             If a module implements XSUBs, you will need one of the
             supported C compilers.  You must make sure you have set
             up the environment for the compiler for command-line
             compilation.
    
             If a module does not build for some reason, look
             carefully for why it failed, and report problems to the
             module author.  If it looks like the extension building
             support is at fault, report that with full details of
             how the build failed using the perlbug utility.
    
         Command-line Wildcard Expansion
             The default command shells on DOS descendant operating
             systems (such as they are) usually do not expand
             wildcard arguments supplied to programs.  They consider
             it the application's job to handle that.  This is
             commonly achieved by linking the application (in our
             case, perl) with startup code that the C runtime
             libraries usually provide.  However, doing that results
             in incompatible perl versions (since the behavior of the
             argv expansion code differs depending on the compiler,
             and it is even buggy on some compilers).  Besides, it
             may be a source of frustration if you use such a perl
             binary with an alternate shell that *does* expand
             wildcards.
    
             Instead, the following solution works rather well. The
             nice things about it: 1) you can start using it right
             away 2) it is more powerful, because it will do the
             right thing with a pattern like */*/*.c 3) you can
             decide whether you do/don't want to use it 4) you can
             extend the method to add any customizations (or even
             entirely different kinds of wildcard expansion).
    
    
    
                     C:\> copy con c:\perl\lib\Wild.pm
                     # Wild.pm - emulate shell @ARGV expansion on shells that don't
                     use File::DosGlob;
                     @ARGV = map {
                                   my @g = File::DosGlob::glob($_) if /[*?]/;
                                   @g ? @g : $_;
                                 } @ARGV;
                     1;
                     ^Z
                     C:\> set PERL5OPT=-MWild
                     C:\> perl -le "for (@ARGV) { print }" */*/perl*.c
                     p4view/perl/perl.c
                     p4view/perl/perlio.c
                     p4view/perl/perly.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perllib.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perllib.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c
                     perl5.005/win32/perllib.c
    
             Note there are two distinct steps there: 1) You'll have
             to create Wild.pm and put it in your perl lib directory.
             2) You'll need to set the PERL5OPT environment variable.
             If you want argv expansion to be the default, just set
             PERL5OPT in your default startup environment.
    
             If you are using the Visual C compiler, you can get the
             C runtime's command line wildcard expansion built into
             perl binary.  The resulting binary will always expand
             unquoted command lines, which may not be what you want
             if you use a shell that does that for you.  The
             expansion done is also somewhat less powerful than the
             approach suggested above.
    
         Win32 Specific Extensions
             A number of extensions specific to the Win32 platform
             are available from CPAN.  You may find that many of
             these extensions are meant to be used under the
             Activeware port of Perl, which used to be the only
             native port for the Win32 platform.  Since the
             Activeware port does not have adequate support for
             Perl's extension building tools, these extensions
             typically do not support those tools either, and
             therefore cannot be built using the generic steps shown
             in the previous section.
    
             To ensure smooth transitioning of existing code that
             uses the ActiveState port, there is a bundle of Win32
             extensions that contains all of the ActiveState
             extensions and most other Win32 extensions from CPAN in
             source form, along with many added bugfixes, and with
             MakeMaker support.  This bundle is available at:
    
                http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/libwin32-0.151.zip
    
             See the README in that distribution for building and
             installation instructions.  Look for later versions that
             may be available at the same location.
    
         Running Perl Scripts
             Perl scripts on UNIX use the "#!" (a.k.a "shebang") line
             to indicate to the OS that it should execute the file
             using perl.  Win32 has no comparable means to indicate
             arbitrary files are executables.
    
             Instead, all available methods to execute plain text
             files on Win32 rely on the file "extension".  There are
             three methods to use this to execute perl scripts:
    
             1       There is a facility called "file extension
                     associations" that will work in Windows NT 4.0.
                     This can be manipulated via the two commands
                     "assoc" and "ftype" that come standard with
                     Windows NT 4.0.  Type "ftype /?" for a complete
                     example of how to set this up for perl scripts
                     (Say what?  You thought Windows NT wasn't perl-
                     ready? :).
    
             2       Since file associations don't work everywhere,
                     and there are reportedly bugs with file
                     associations where it does work, the old method
                     of wrapping the perl script to make it look like
                     a regular batch file to the OS, may be used.
                     The install process makes available the
                     "pl2bat.bat" script which can be used to wrap
                     perl scripts into batch files.  For example:
    
                             pl2bat foo.pl
    
                     will create the file "FOO.BAT".  Note "pl2bat"
                     strips any .pl suffix and adds a .bat suffix to
                     the generated file.
    
                     If you use the 4DOS/NT or similar command shell,
                     note that "pl2bat" uses the "%*" variable in the
                     generated batch file to refer to all the command
                     line arguments, so you may need to make sure
                     that construct works in batch files.  As of this
                     writing, 4DOS/NT users will need a
                     "ParameterChar = *" statement in their 4NT.INI
                     file, or will need to execute "setdos /p*" in
                     the 4DOS/NT startup file to enable this to work.
    
             3       Using "pl2bat" has a few problems:  the file
                     name gets changed, so scripts that rely on `$0'
                     to find what they must do may not run properly;
                     running "pl2bat" replicates the contents of the
                     original script, and so this process can be
                     maintenance intensive if the originals get
                     updated often.  A different approach that avoids
                     both problems is possible.
    
                     A script called "runperl.bat" is available that
                     can be copied to any filename (along with the
                     .bat suffix).  For example, if you call it
                     "foo.bat", it will run the file "foo" when it is
                     executed.  Since you can run batch files on
                     Win32 platforms simply by typing the name
                     (without the extension), this effectively runs
                     the file "foo", when you type either "foo" or
                     "foo.bat".  With this method, "foo.bat" can even
                     be in a different location than the file "foo",
                     as long as "foo" is available somewhere on the
                     PATH.  If your scripts are on a filesystem that
                     allows symbolic links, you can even avoid
                     copying "runperl.bat".
    
                     Here's a diversion:  copy "runperl.bat" to
                     "runperl", and type "runperl".  Explain the
                     observed behavior, or lack thereof. :)  Hint:
                     .gnidnats llits er'uoy fi ,"lrepnur" eteled
                     :tniH
    
         Miscellaneous Things
             A full set of HTML documentation is installed, so you
             should be able to use it if you have a web browser
             installed on your system.
    
             `perldoc' is also a useful tool for browsing information
             contained in the documentation, especially in
             conjunction with a pager like `less' (recent versions of
             which have Win32 support).  You may have to set the
             PAGER environment variable to use a specific pager.
             "perldoc -f foo" will print information about the perl
             operator "foo".
    
             If you find bugs in perl, you can run `perlbug' to
             create a bug report (you may have to send it manually if
             `perlbug' cannot find a mailer on your system).
    
    
    

    BUGS AND CAVEATS

         Some of the built-in functions do not act exactly as
         documented in the perlfunc manpage, and a few are not
         implemented at all.  To avoid surprises, particularly if you
         have had prior exposure to Perl in other operating
         environments or if you intend to write code that will be
         portable to other environments, see the perlport manpage for
         a reasonably definitive list of these differences.
    
         Not all extensions available from CPAN may build or work
         properly in the Win32 environment.  See the Building
         Extensions entry elsewhere in this document.
    
         Most `socket()' related calls are supported, but they may
         not behave as on Unix platforms.  See the perlport manpage
         for the full list.
    
         Signal handling may not behave as on Unix platforms (where
         it doesn't exactly "behave", either :).  For instance,
         calling `die()' or `exit()' from signal handlers will cause
         an exception, since most implementations of `signal()' on
         Win32 are severely crippled.  Thus, signals may work only
         for simple things like setting a flag variable in the
         handler.  Using signals under this port should currently be
         considered unsupported.
    
         Please send detailed descriptions of any problems and
         solutions that you may find to <perlbug@perl.com>, along
         with the output produced by `perl -V'.
    
    
    

    AUTHORS

         Gary Ng <[email protected]>
    
         Gurusamy Sarathy <[email protected]>
    
         Nick Ing-Simmons <[email protected]>
    
         This document is maintained by Gurusamy Sarathy.
    
    
    

    SEE ALSO

         the perl manpage
    
    
    

    HISTORY

         This port was originally contributed by Gary Ng around
         5.003_24, and borrowed from the Hip Communications port that
         was available at the time.  Various people have made
         numerous and sundry hacks since then.
    
         Borland support was added in 5.004_01 (Gurusamy Sarathy).
    
         GCC/mingw32 support was added in 5.005 (Nick Ing-Simmons).
    
         Support for PERL_OBJECT was added in 5.005 (ActiveState Tool
         Corp).
    
         Support for fork() emulation was added in 5.6 (ActiveState
         Tool Corp).
         Win9x support was added in 5.6 (Benjamin Stuhl).
    
         Last updated: 22 March 2000
    
    
    
    


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