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ps (1)
  • ps (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • >> ps (1) ( FreeBSD man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • ps (1) ( Linux man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • ps (1) ( POSIX man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    ps
    
     - process status
    
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    [-aCcefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ ] [-O fmt | -o fmt ] [-G gid [, gid ... ] ] [-M core ] [-N system ] [-p pid [, pid ... ] ] [-t tty [, tty ... ] ] [-U user [, user ... ] ]
    [-L ]  

    DESCRIPTION

    The utility displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about all of your processes that have controlling terminals.

    A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any combination of the -a , G , p , T , t and -U options. If more than one of these options are given, then will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the given options.

    For the processes which have been selected for display, will usually display one line per process. The -H option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for some processes. By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling terminal, then by process ID. The -m , r , u and -v options will change the sort order. If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.

    For the processes which have been selected for display, the information to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the -L , O and -o options). The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID, controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time), state, and associated command.

    The process file system (see procfs(5)) should be mounted when is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.

    The options are as follows:

    -a
    Display information about other users' processes as well as your own. This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal, unless the -x option is also specified. This can be disabled by setting the security.bsd.see_other_uids sysctl to zero.
    -c
    Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the executable name, rather than the full command line.
    -C
    Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a ``raw'' CPU calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this normally has no effect).
    -e
    Display the environment as well.
    -f
    Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes. This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
    -G
    Display information about processes which are running with the specified real group IDs.
    -H
    Show all of the kernel visible threads associated with each process. Depending on the threading package that is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities, or all of the process threads.
    -h
    Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one header per page of information.
    -j
    Print information associated with the following keywords: user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time and command
    -L
    List the set of keywords available for the -O and -o options.
    -l
    Display information associated with the following keywords: uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state tt , time and command
    -M
    Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core instead of the currently running system.
    -m
    Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling terminal and process ID.
    -N
    Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default, which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
    -O
    Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list of keywords specified, after the process ID, in the default information display. Keywords may be appended with an equals (`=' ) sign and a string. This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of the standard header.
    -o
    Display information associated with the space or comma separated list of keywords specified. The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals (`=' ) sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain space and comma characters. This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of the standard header. Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one -o option. So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed. If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
    -p
    Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
    -r
    Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling terminal and process ID.
    -S
    Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited children to their parent process.
    -T
    Display information about processes attached to the device associated with the standard input.
    -t
    Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal devices.
    -U
    Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
    -u
    Display information associated with the following keywords: user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time and command The -u option implies the -r option.
    -v
    Display information associated with the following keywords: pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz %cpu , %mem and command The -v option implies the -m option.
    -w
    Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which is your window size. If the -w option is specified more than once, will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
    -X
    When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal.
    -x
    When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes which do not have a controlling terminal. This is the opposite of the -X option. If both -X and -x are specified in the same command, then will use the one which was specified last.
    -Z
    Add mac(4) label to the list of keywords for which will display information.

    A complete list of the available keywords are listed below. Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:

    %cpu
    The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to a minute of previous (real) time. Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may be very young) it is possible for the sum of all %cpu fields to exceed 100%.
    %mem
    The percentage of real memory used by this process.
    flags
    The flags associated with the process as in the include file In sys/proc.h :

    P_ADVLOCK Ta 0x00001   Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock
    P_CONTROLT Ta 0x00002    Has a controlling terminal
    P_KTHREAD Ta 0x00004Kernel thread
    P_NOLOAD Ta 0x00008Ignore during load avg calculations
    P_PPWAIT Ta 0x00010Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit
    P_PROFIL Ta 0x00020Has started profiling
    P_STOPPROF Ta 0x00040Has thread in requesting to stop prof
    P_SUGID Ta 0x00100Had set id privileges since last exec
    P_SYSTEM Ta 0x00200System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping
    P_SINGLE_EXIT Ta 0x00400Threads suspending should exit, not wait
    P_TRACED Ta 0x00800Debugged process being traced
    P_WAITED Ta 0x01000Someone is waiting for us
    P_WEXIT Ta 0x02000Working on exiting
    P_EXEC Ta 0x04000Process called exec
    P_SA Ta 0x08000Using scheduler activations
    P_CONTINUED Ta 0x10000Proc has continued from a stopped state
    P_STOPPED_SIG Ta 0x20000Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP
    P_STOPPED_TRACE Ta 0x40000Stopped because of tracing
    P_STOPPED_SINGLE Ta 0x80000Only one thread can continue
    P_PROTECTED Ta 0x100000Do not kill on memory overcommit
    P_SIGEVENT Ta 0x200000Process pending signals changed
    P_JAILED Ta 0x1000000Process is in jail
    P_INEXEC Ta 0x4000000Process is in execve()

    label
    The MAC label of the process.
    lim
    The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to setrlimit(2).
    lstart
    The exact time the command started, using the `%c' format described in strftime(3).
    lockname
    The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on. If the name is invalid or unknown, then ``???'' is displayed.
    logname
    The login name associated with the session the process is in (see getlogin(2)).
    mwchan
    The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if the process is blocked on a lock. See the wchan and lockname keywords for details.
    nice
    The process scheduling increment (see setpriority(2)).
    rss
    the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
    start
    The time the command started. If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is displayed using the ``%l:ps.1p '' format described in strftime(3). If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is displayed using the ``%a6.15p '' format. Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the ``%e%b%y '' format.
    state
    The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example, ``RWNA '' The first character indicates the run state of the process:

    D
    Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
    I
    Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
    L
    Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
    R
    Marks a runnable process.
    S
    Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
    T
    Marks a stopped process.
    W
    Marks an idle interrupt thread.
    Z
    Marks a dead process (a ``zombie )''

    Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state information:

    +
    The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
    <
    The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
    E
    The process is trying to exit.
    J
    Marks a process which is in jail(2). The hostname of the prison can be found in /proc/ Ao pid Ac /status
    L
    The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw I/O )
    N
    The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see setpriority(2)).
    s
    The process is a session leader.
    V
    The process is suspended during a vfork(2).
    W
    The process is swapped out.
    X
    The process is being traced or debugged.

    tt
    An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any. The abbreviation consists of the three letters following /dev/tty or, for the console, ``con '' This is followed by a `-' if the process can no longer reach that controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
    wchan
    The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits. When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints as 324000.

    When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie) is listed as ``<defunct> '' and a process which is blocked while trying to exit is listed as ``<exiting> '' If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed within square brackets. The utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were shorter than the value of the kern.ps_arg_cache_limit sysctl). The process can change the arguments shown with setproctitle(3). Otherwise, makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the process was created by examining memory or the swap area. The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process is entitled to destroy this information. The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on. If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword, the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.  

    KEYWORDS

    The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their meanings. Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).

    %cpu
    percentage CPU usage (alias pcpu
    %mem
    percentage memory usage (alias pmem
    acflag
    accounting flag (alias acflg
    args
    command and arguments
    comm
    command
    command
    command and arguments
    cpu
    short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
    etime
    elapsed running time
    flags
    the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias f
    inblk
    total blocks read (alias inblock
    jid
    jail ID
    jobc
    job control count
    ktrace
    tracing flags
    label
    MAC label
    lim
    memoryuse limit
    lockname
    lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
    logname
    login name of user who started the session
    lstart
    time started
    majflt
    total page faults
    minflt
    total page reclaims
    msgrcv
    total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
    msgsnd
    total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
    mwchan
    wait channel or lock currently blocked on
    nice
    nice value (alias ni
    nivcsw
    total involuntary context switches
    nsigs
    total signals taken (alias nsignals
    nswap
    total swaps in/out
    nvcsw
    total voluntary context switches
    nwchan
    wait channel (as an address)
    oublk
    total blocks written (alias oublock
    paddr
    swap address
    pagein
    pageins (same as majflt)
    pgid
    process group number
    pid
    process ID
    poip
    pageouts in progress
    ppid
    parent process ID
    pri
    scheduling priority
    re
    core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
    rgid
    real group ID
    rgroup
    group name (from rgid)
    rlink
    reverse link on run queue, or 0
    rss
    resident set size
    rtprio
    realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
    ruid
    real user ID
    ruser
    user name (from ruid)
    sid
    session ID
    sig
    pending signals (alias pending
    sigcatch
    caught signals (alias caught
    sigignore
    ignored signals (alias ignored
    sigmask
    blocked signals (alias blocked
    sl
    sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
    start
    time started
    state
    symbolic process state (alias stat
    svgid
    saved gid from a setgid executable
    svuid
    saved UID from a setuid executable
    tdev
    control terminal device number
    time
    accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias cputime
    tpgid
    control terminal process group ID
    tsid
    control terminal session ID
    tsiz
    text size (in Kbytes)
    tt
    control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
    tty
    full name of control terminal
    uprocp
    process pointer
    ucomm
    name to be used for accounting
    uid
    effective user ID
    upr
    scheduling priority on return from system call (alias usrpri
    user
    user name (from UID)
    vsz
    virtual size in Kbytes (alias vsize
    wchan
    wait channel (as a symbolic name)
    xstat
    exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)

     

    ENVIRONMENT

    The following environment variables affect the execution of :

    COLUMNS
    If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions. By default, attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.

     

    FILES

    /boot/kernel/kernel
    default system namelist
    /proc
    the mount point of procfs(5)

     

    SEE ALSO

    kill(1), pgrep(1), pkill(1), w(1), kvm(3), strftime(3), mac(4), procfs(5), pstat(8), sysctl(8), mutex(9)  

    STANDARDS

    For historical reasons, the utility under Fx supports a different set of options from what is described by St -p1003.2 , and what is supported on non- BSD operating systems.  

    HISTORY

    The command appeared in AT&T System v4 .  

    BUGS

    Since cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled process, the information it displays can never be exact.

    The utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte characters.


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    KEYWORDS
    ENVIRONMENT
    FILES
    SEE ALSO
    STANDARDS
    HISTORY
    BUGS


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