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timidity (1)
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    NAME

    TiMidity++ - MIDI-to-WAVE converter and player
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    timidity [options] filename [...]  

    DESCRIPTION

    TiMidity++ is a converter that converts some of MIDI files (supported formats: Standard MIDI files (*.mid), Recomposer files (*.rcp, *.r36, *.g18, *.g36) and Module files (*.mod)) into formatted audio files (e.g. RIFF WAVE). TiMidity++ uses Gravis Ultrasound-compatible patch files or Soundfonts (*.sfx, *.sf2) to generate digital audio data from MIDI files. The digital audio data generated by TiMidity++ can be stored in a file for processing, or played in real time through an audio device.
    In real time playing, TiMidity++ can show the lyrics contained in KAR or WRD files.  

    FILENAME

    You can use the following expressions as the filename argument:
    -
    Read a MIDI file from standard input.
    path/filename
    Read a MIDI file from the specified path on a filesystem.
    dir:directory

    directory/
    Read and play all MIDI files in the specified directory. For example,

    % timidity some/where/

    plays all files in the directory some/where/.

    Archive File
    Extract and play the file(s) in the archive. If you want to specify a certain MIDI file in the archive, append #<MIDI-filename> to the archive name. The expression after `#' can use regular expressions (case insensitive).
    You can use escape sequence \xHH, where `HH' is a ASCII number in hexadecimal integer.

    For example:

    % timidity file.zip#file.mid
    Plays file.mid in file.zip
    % timidity file.lzh#*.mid
    Plays any files that match the regular expression *.mid in file.lzh
    % timidity file.tgz#*
    This expression is the same as file.tgz

    Since these mechanism are contained in TiMidity++ itself, you can use this syntax even in the MS Windows environment.

    TiMidity++ can handle the following archive formats:

    tar (*.tar)
    tar+gzip (*.tar.gz, *.tgz)
    zip (*.zip)
    lzh (*.lzh, *.lha)
    (lh0, lh1, lh2, lh3, lh4, lh5, lh6, lz4, lzs and lz5 are available)

    Other archives can be expanded if expander command is specified on the compile phase. TiMidity++ will pipe that command.

    news://news-server[:port]/Message-ID

    news://news-server[:port]/newsgroup[/first-last]
    Play the MIDI file in the specified article on the news server. If a newsgroup is specified TiMidity++ plays all MIDI files found in any article posted to that newsgroup.
    TiMidity++ parses MIME Multi-part messages in case of news://* scheme, extracts MIDI file that was post to that group, or in case of normal file, you can explicitly handle MIME documents by naming that file with *.mime extension, or prefix that file with mime:

    The following MIME-types are allowed:

    uu-encoded file
    begin
    is required
    base64 encoded
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
    is required
    quoted-string
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-string
    is required
    Mac BinHex format
    only HQX format is available
    http://address

    ftp://address
    Play the file specified in the URL.

    For example:

    % timidity http://www.goice.co.jp/member/mo/dist/midi/impromptu.mid
    plays the specified MIDI-file directly from the network.

    If these expression are used in the *.cfg files, you can even use patch-files (and others) from remote machines.

     

    INPUT FILE

    TiMidity++ can handle the following file formats:
    .mid, .rmi (Format 0, 1, 2)
    Standard MIDI File
    .rcp, .r36, .g18, .g36 (Recomposer formats)
    Recomposer format which is product for COME ON MUSIC co.
    .mfi (MFi Version 3 - Melody Format for i-Mode)
    i-Mode is Japanese local mobile phone
    .kar (Karaoke format)
    Displays the lyrics as a Lyric Meta Event message.
    .mod, mod.* (Module file)
    .wrd (WRD format)
     

    OPTIONS

    The following command line options are accepted by TiMidity++:
    -A [n][,m](a)

    --amplification n

    --drumpower m

    --[no-]volume-compensation
    Multiplies the master volume by n%. Default value is 70%. Higher amplification makes louder sounds. You can specify the drum power, ratio of drum volume from the other channels. The allowed values of amplification range from 0 (no sound) to 800.
    Optionally to put `a' character along with -a option, or to use --volume-compensation, instructs TiMidity++ to regularize the volume. You can easily gain dynamic range.

    For example:

    -A90
    volume 90%, drum power 100%, compensation is off
    -A,120
    volume 70%, drum power 120%, compensation is off
    -A90,120
    volume 90%, drum power 120%, compensation is off
    -Aa
    volume 70%, drum power 100%, compensation is on
    -A90a
    volume 90%, drum power 100%, compensation is on
    -A,120a
    volume 70%, drum power 120%, compensation is on
    -A90,120a
    volume 90%, drum power 120%, compensation is on
    -a, --[no-]anti-alias
    Turns on antialiasing. Samples are run through a lowpass filter before playing, which reduces aliasing noise at low resampling frequencies.
    -B, --buffer-fragments n,m
    For the Linux/FreeBSD/OSS/ALSA/Windows sound driver, selects the number of buffer fragments in interactive mode. Increasing the number of fragments may reduce choppiness when many processes are running. It will make TiMidity++ seem to respond sluggishly to fast forward, rewind, and volume controls, and it will throw the status display off sync. Specify a fragments number of 0 to use the maximum number of fragments available.
    -C, --control-ratio n
    Sets the ratio of sampling and control frequencies. This determines how often envelopes are recalculated -- small ratios yield better quality but use more CPU time.
    -c, --config-file file
    Reads an extra configuration file.
    -D, --drum-channel n
    Marks channel as a drum channel. If channel is negative, channel -n is marked as an instrumental channel. If n is 0, all channels are marked as instrumental.
    -d, --interface-path dir
    Specifies the directory containing installed dynamic-link interface modules.
    -E, --ext mode
    Set TiMidity++ extend modes. The following modes are available (capitalized switch means disable this feature):
    w/W, --[no-]mod-wheel
    Enable/disable modulation controlling.
    p/P, --[no-]portamento
    Enable/disable portamento controlling.
    v/V, --[no-]vibrato
    Enable/disable NRPM vibration.
    s/S, --[no-]ch-pressure
    Enable/disable channel pressure controlling.
    e/E, --[no-]mod-envelope
    Enable/disable modulation envelope controlling.
    t/T, --[no-]trace-text-meta
    Enable/disable tracing all Text Meta Events.
    o/O, --[no-]overlap-voice
    Accept/reject pronouncing multiple same notes.
    z/Z, --[no-]temper-control
    Enable/disable MIDI Tuning Standard temperament controlling.
    m, --default-mid HH
    Sets the manufacturer ID to HH (where HH are two hex-digits).
    HH values of GS/gs, XG/xg or GM/gm are understood as 41, 43 and 7e respectively.
    M, --system-mid HH
    Sets the system manufacturer ID to HH (where HH are two hex-digits).
    In this option, the manufacuture ID is set unchangable. Manufacuture ID from the input file would be ignored.
    b, --default-bank n
    Use tone bank n as the default.
    B, --force-bank n
    Sets the bank number of all channels to n.
    i, --default-program n[/m]
    Use the program number as the default instrument. Any Program Change events in MIDI files will override this option.
    If n is followed by /m the default program number of the channel m is specified by n.
    I, --force-program n[/m]
    Similar to -Ei but this ignores all program changes.
    F args
    For effects. See below. In args option, you can specify following effect options:
    delay=, --delay (d|l|r|b)[,msec]
    Sets delay type.
    d, 0
    Disabled delay effect.
    l, 1
    Left delay.
    r, 2
    Right delay.
    b, 3
    Swap left & right.

    Optional msec is the delay time.

    chorus=, --chorus (d|n|s)[,level]
    d, 0
    Disable this effect.
    n, 1
    Enable MIDI chorus effect control.
    s, 2
    Surround sound, chorus detuned to a lesser degree (default).

    The optional parameter level specifies the chorus level 0 to 127.

    reverb=, --reverb (d|n|g|f|G)[,level]
    d, 0
    Disable MIDI reverb effect control.
    n, 1
    Enable MIDI reverb effect control. This effect is only available in stereo.
    g, 2
    Global reverb effect.
    f, 3
    Freeverb MIDI reverb effect control (default).
    G, 4
    Global freeverb effect.

    The optional parameter level specifies the reverb level 0 to 127.

    vlpf=, --voice-lpf (d|c|m)
    d, 0
    Disable LPF effect.
    c, 1
    Chamberlin resonant LPF (12dB/oct) (default).
    m, 2
    Moog resonant low-pass VCF (24dB/oct)
    ns=, --noise-shaping n
    Enable the n th degree noiseshaping filter. The distortion at decay stage is improved, but the noise on human auditory feeling increases because it shifts to a high frequency. In case of 8-bit linear encoding, valid values of n are in the interval from 0 (min) to 4 (max). Default value is 4. In case of 16-bit linear encoding, valid values of n are in the interval from 0 to 4. According to the value, it works as following. Default value is 4.
    0
    No noise shaping.
    1
    Traditional noise shaping.
    2
    Overdrive-like soft-clipping + new noise shaping.
    3
    Tube-amplifier-like soft-clipping + new noise shaping.
    4
    New noise shaping.
    resamp=, --resample (d|l|c|L|n|g)
    d, 0
    No interpolation.
    l, 1
    Linear interpolation.
    c, 2
    Cubic spline interpolation.
    L, 3
    Lagrange method.
    n, 4
    Newton polynomial interpolation.
    g, 5
    Modified Gauss effect (default).

    This option affects the behavior of -N option.

    -e, --evil
    Make TiMidity++ evil. For the Win32 version, this increases the task priority by one. It can give better playback when you switch tasks at the expense of slowing all other tasks down.
    -F, --[no-]fast-panning
    Turns on fast panning to accommodate MIDI pieces that expect panning adjustments to affect notes that are already playing. Some files that don't expect this have a habit of flipping balance rapidly between left and right, which can cause severe popping when the -F flag is used.
    In the current version of TiMidity++ this option is a toggle.
    -f, --[no-]fast-decay
    Toggles fast envelopes. This option makes TiMidity++ faster but the release time of the notes are shortened.
    -g, --spectrogram sec
    Open the Sound-Spectrogram window. This option is activated if the system has support for the X Window System.
    -H, --force-keysig n
    Specify the number of key signature. MIDI file is performed with transposition to the key of the number of sharp (when n is positive) or flat (when n is negative). Valid values of n are in the interval from -7 to 7. For example, if n is 1, MIDI file with any tonality will be performed transposing to 1 flat (i.e., F major or D minor). Therefore, it is convenient to use for the accompaniment when practicing a musical instrument by the tonality which is easy to perform.
    -h, --help
    Show the help message.
    -i, --interface mode

    --realtime-priority n

    --sequencer-ports n
    Selects the user interfaces from the compiled-in alternatives. mode must be begun with one of the supported interface identifiers. Run TiMidity++ with the -h option to see a list.
    For ALSA sequencer interface, optionally to use --realtime-priority, set the realtime priority by n, and to use --sequencer-ports, set the number of opened sequencer ports. Default value is 4.
    The following identifiers may be available:
    -id
    dumb interface
    -in
    ncurses interface
    -is
    S-Lang interface
    -ia
    X Athena Widget interface
    -ik
    Tcl/Tk interface
    -im
    Motif interface
    -iT
    vt100 interface
    -ie
    Emacs interface
    (use ``M-x timidity'' in Emacs)
    -ii
    skin interface
    Environment variable TIMIDITY_SKIN must be set to the path of the skin data (compressed data are also supported).
    -ig
    GTK+ interface
    -ir
    Launch TiMidity++ as MIDI server.
    -iA
    Launch TiMidity++ as ALSA sequencer client.
    -iW
    Windodws synthesizer interface
    -iw
    Windodws GUI interface
    -iP
    PortMIDI synthesizer interface
    -ip
    UMP interface
    Interface options
    Option characters may be added immediately after the interface identifier. The following options are recognized:
    v, --verbose=n
    Increases verbosity level. This option is cumulative.
    q, --quiet=n
    Decreases verbosity level. This option is cumulative.
    t, --[no-]trace
    Toggles trace mode. In trace mode, TiMidity++ attempts to display its current state in real time. For the Linux sound driver, this is accomplished through the use of short DMA buffer fragments, which can be tuned via the -B option.
    l, --[no-]loop
    Loop playing (some interfaces ignore this option)
    r, --[no-]random
    Randomize file list arguments before playing
    s, --[no-]sort
    Sort file list arguments before playing
    D, --[no-]background
    Daemonize TiMidity++ in background (for alsaseq only)
    -j, --[no-]realtime-load
    Enable the loading of patch files during play.
    -K, --adjust-key n
    Adjusts key (i.e., transposes the song) by n half tones. Ranges from -24 to 24.
    -k, --voice-queue msec
    Specify audio queue time limit to reduce voices. If the remaining audio buffer is less than msec milliseconds, TiMidity++ tries to kill some voices. This feature makes it possible to play complicated MIDI files on slow CPUs. Setting msec to zero tells TiMidity++ to never remove any voices.
    -L, --patch-path path
    Adds path to the library path. Patch, configuration, and MIDI files are searched along this path. Directories added last will be searched first. Note that the current directory is always searched first before the library path.
    -M, --pcm-file name
    TiMidity++ can play a PCM file instead of a MIDI file. If ``auto'' is specified, TiMidity++ tries to open foo.mid.wav or foo.mid.aiff when playing foo.mid. If ``none'' is specified, this feature is disabled. Otherwise just plays name.
    -m, --decay-time msec
    Modify envelope volume decay time. msec is the minimum number of milliseconds to sustain a sustained note.
    -m0
    Disable sustain ramping, causes constant volume sustains (default).
    -m1
    Effectively behaves as if all sustains are ignored, volume ramping is the same as normal stage 3.
    -m3000
    A note at full volume will decay for 3 seconds once it begins to be sustained (assuming the regular stage 3 rate would not cause it to decay even longer). Softer notes will of course die sooner.
    -N, --interpolation n
    Sets interpolation parameter. This option depends on the -EFresamp option's value.
    cspline, lagrange
    Toggles 4-point linear interpolation (default is on).
    newton
    n point interpolation using Newton polynomials. n must be an odd number from 1 to 57.
    gauss
    n+1 point modified Gauss interpolation. Ranges 0 (disable) to 34 (max), default to 25.

    In either way, linear interpolation is used if audio queue < 99%.

    -O, --output-mode mode
    Selects the output mode from the compiled-in alternatives. mode must begin with one of the supported output mode identifiers. Run TiMidity++ with the -h option to see the list. The following identifiers are available in all versions:
    -Od
    Outputs via audio device (default)
    -Os
    Output to ALSA
    -Or
    Generate raw waveform data. All format options are supported. Common formats include:
    -OrU
    u-Law
    -Or1sl
    16-bit signed linear PCM
    -Or8ul
    8-bit unsigned linear PCM
    -Ou
    Generate Sun Audio (au) data
    -Oa
    Generate AIFF data
    -Ow
    Generate RIFF WAVE format output. If output is directed to a non-seekable file, or if TiMidity++ is interrupted before closing the file, the file header will contain 0xffffffff in the RIFF and data block length fields. The popular sound conversion utility sox is able to read such malformed files, so you can pipe data directly to sox for on-the-fly conversion to other formats.
    -Ol
    List MIDI events
    -OM
    MOD -> MIDI conversion
    -Oe
    EsounD
    -Op
    PortAudio
    -Oj
    JACK
    -Or
    aRts
    -OA
    Alib
    -Ov
    ogg vorbis
    Format options
    Option characters may be added immediately after the mode identifier to change the output format. The following options are recognized:
    S, --output-stereo
    Stereo
    M, --output-mono
    Monophonic
    s, --output-signed
    Signed output
    u, --output-unsigned
    Unsigned output
    1, --output-16bit
    16-bit sample width
    2, --output-24bit
    24-bit sample width
    8, --output-8bit
    8-bit sample width
    l, --output-linear
    Linear encoding
    U, --output-ulaw
    u-Law (8-bit) encoding
    A, --output-alaw
    A-Law encoding
    x, --[no-]output-swab
    Byte-swapped output

    Note that some options have no effect on some modes. For example, you cannot generate a byte-swapped RIFF WAVE file, or force uLaw output on a Linux PCM device.

    -o, --output-file file
    Place output on file, which may be a file, device, or HP-UX audio server, depending on the output mode selected with the -O option. The special filename `-' causes output to be placed on stdout.
    -P, --patch-file file
    Use patch file for all programs.
    -p [n](a)

    --polyphony n

    --[no-]polyphony-reduction
    Sets polyphony (maximum number of simultaneous voices) to n.
    Optionally to put `a' character along with -p option, or to use --polyphony-reduction, instructs TiMidity++ to enable automatic polyphony reduction algorithm.
    -Q n[,...](t)

    --mute n[,...]

    --temper-mute n[,...]
    Cause channel n to be quiet. n can carry out package specification by `,'. If n is 0, all channels are turned off. Continuously, specifying -n, channel n is turned back on.
    On the other hand, to put `t' character after -Q option or to use --temper-mute describes temperament mute. This mutes channels of specific temperament type n. For preset temperament, n can range 0 to 3. For user-defined temperament, n can range 4 to 7.
    -q, --audio-buffer sec/n
    Specify audio buffer in seconds. sec maximum size of buffer, n percentage filled at the beginning (default is 5.0/100) (size of 100% equals the whole device buffer size).
    -R msec
    Enables Pseudo Reverb Mode. It sets every instrument's release to msec ms. If msec is 0, msec is set to 800 (default).
    -S, --cache-size n
    Sets the re-sample cache size to n bytes. If n equals 0 any sample caches are disabled. The default value of n is 2097152 (2MB).
    -s, --sampling-freq freq
    Sets the resampling frequency (Hz or kHz). Not all sound devices are capable of all frequencies -- an approximate frequency may be selected, depending on the implementation.
    -T, --adjust-tempo n
    Adjust tempo to n%; 120 play MOD files with an NTSC Amiga's timing.
    -t, --output-charset code
    Sets output coding of Japanese text. Possible values of code are:
    auto
    determined by the LANG environment variable.
    ascii
    Translates non-ASCII code to period.
    nocnv
    No conversion.
    1251
    Convert from windows-1251 to koi8-r.
    euc
    Outputs EUC (Japan) coding.
    jis
    Outputs JIS coding.
    sjis
    Outputs SJIS coding.
    -U, --[no-]unload-instruments
    Unload all instruments from memory between MIDI files. This can reduce memory requirements when playing many files in succession.
    -V, --volume-curve power
    Set the power of volume curve. The total amplification becomes volume^power. 0 (default) uses the regular tables. Any non-zero value causes all midi to use the new user defined velocity/volume/expression curve (linear: 1, ideal: ~1.661, GS: ~2).
    -v, --version
    Show the version string
    -W, --wrd mode
    Play WRD file.

    Allowed values of mode are:

    x
    X Window System mode
    w
    Windows console mode
    t
    TTY mode
    d
    Dumb mode (outputs WRD events directory)
    -
    do not trace WRD
    R[opts]
    Sets WRD options:
    a1=b1,a2=b2,...
    Sets the WRD options. an is the name of option and bn is the value.
    d=n
    Emulates timing (@WAIT, @WMODE) bugs of the original MIMPI player. The emulation levels are:
    -WRd=0
    do not emulate any bugs of MIMPI
    -WRd=1
    only emulate some bugs (default)
    -WRd=2
    emulate all known bugs
    F=file
    Use file as WRD file only no file matching *.wrd is found.
    f=file
    Uses file as WRD file.

    WRD mode must also use trace mode (option -i?t) or the timing of the WRD events will be terrible.

    -w, --rcpcv-dll mode
    Extended mode for MS Windows. The following options are available:
    -w r
    Use rcpcv.dll to play RCP/R36 files.
    -w R
    Do not use rcpcv.dll (default).
    -x --config-string str
    Configure TiMidity++ with str. The format of str is the same as timidity.cfg.

    For example:
    -x'bank 0\n0 violin.pat'
    Sets the instrument number 0 to violin.
    Character `\' (Ascii 0x5c) in the str is treated as escape character like in C literals. For example \n is treated as carriage return.

    -Z, --freq-table file
    Cause the table of frequencies to be read from file. This is useful to define a tuning different from 12-equal temperament. If ``pure'' is specified, TiMidity++ plays in trial pure intonation.
    -Zpure, --pure-intonation [n(m)]
    Play in trial pure intonation by Key Signature meta-event in the MIDI file. You can specify the initial keysig by hand, in case the MIDI file does not contains the meta-event. Optionally, n is the number of key signature. In case of sharp, n is positive. In case of flat, n is negative. Valid values of n are in the interval from -7 to 7. In case of minor mode, you should put `a' character along with -Zpure option.
    --module=n
    Simulate behavior of specific synthesizer module as much as possible. For the moment, the value of n defined is as follows:
    0
    TiMidity++ Default
    1
    Roland SC-55
    2
    Roland SC-88
    3
    Roland SC-88Pro
    4
    Roland SC-8850
    5-15
    Reserved for GS family
    16
    YAMAHA MU-50
    17
    YAMAHA MU-80
    18
    YAMAHA MU-90
    19
    YAMAHA MU-100
    20-31
    Reserved for XG family
    32
    SoundBlaster Live!
    33
    SoundBlaster Audigy
    34-111
    Reserved for other synthesizer modules
    112
    TiMidity++ Special 1
    113-126
    Reserved for TiMidity++ specification purposes
    127
    TiMidity++ Debug
     

    SEE ALSO

    lsmidiprog(1), mididump(1), patinfo(1), sf2text(1), wav2pat(1), timidity.cfg(5)  

    COPYRIGHT

    Copyright (C) 1999-2004 Masanao Izumo <[email protected]>
    Copyright (C) 1995 Tuukka Toivonen <[email protected]>

    The original version was developed by Tuukka Toivonen <[email protected]> until the release of TiMidity-0.2i. His development was discontinued because of his being busy with work.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA  

    AVAILABILITY

    The latest release is available on the TiMidity++ Page,

    URL http://www.timidity.jp/  

    BUGS

    Eats more CPU time than a small CPU-time-eating animal.

    This man page was translated from Japanese to English by me with poor English skill :-)  

    AUTHORS

    Version 0.2i and earlier:
    Tuukka Toivonen <[email protected]>
    Vincent Pagel <[email protected]>
    Takashi Iwai <[email protected]>
    Davide Moretti <[email protected]>
    Chi Ming HUNG <[email protected]>
    Riccardo Facchetti <[email protected]>
    TiMidity++:
    IZUMO Masanao <[email protected]>
    HARADA Tomokazu <[email protected]>
    YAMATE Keiichirou <[email protected]>
    KIRYU Masaki <[email protected]>
    AOKI Daisuke <[email protected]>
    MATSUMOTO Shoji <[email protected]>
    KOYANAGI Masaaki <[email protected]>
    IMAI Kunihiko <[email protected]>
    NOGAMI Takaya <[email protected]>
    WATANABE Takanori <[email protected]>
    TAKEKAWA Hiroshi <[email protected]>
    NAGANO Daisuke <[email protected]>
    KINOSHITA kosuke <[email protected]>
    SHIGEMURA Norikatsu <[email protected]>
    YAMAHATA Isaku <[email protected]>
    ARAI Yoshishige <[email protected]>
    Glenn Trigg <[email protected]>
    Tim Allen <[email protected]>
    Michael Haardt <[email protected]>
    Eric A. Welsh <[email protected]>
    Paolo Bonzini <[email protected]>
    KIMOTO Masahiko <[email protected]>
    IWAI Takashi <[email protected]>
    Saito <[email protected]>
    SATO Kentaro <[email protected]>
    TAMUKI Shoichi <[email protected]>
    URABE Shohei <[email protected]>
    SUENAGA Keishi <[email protected]>
    SUZUKI Koji <[email protected]>

    (titles omitted and an order different)

    and other many people sends information and bug-fix codes.

    The English version of this man page was written by NAGANO Daisuke <[email protected]>.

    Now, TAMUKI Shoichi <[email protected]> and URABE Shohei <[email protected]> are maintaining.
    If you have any comments or suggestions or complaints :) about this man page, please tell us it.


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    FILENAME
    INPUT FILE
    OPTIONS
    SEE ALSO
    COPYRIGHT
    AVAILABILITY
    BUGS
    AUTHORS


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