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virtual (5)
  • virtual (5) ( Русские man: Форматы файлов )
  • >> virtual (5) ( Linux man: Форматы файлов )
  • virtual (8) ( Русские man: Команды системного администрирования )
  • virtual (8) ( Linux man: Команды системного администрирования )
  • Ключ virtual обнаружен в базе ключевых слов.
  •  

    NAME

    virtual
    -
    Postfix virtual alias table format
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    postmap /etc/postfix/virtual
    
    postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/virtual
    
    postmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual <inputfile
    
     

    DESCRIPTION

    The optional virtual(5) alias table rewrites recipient addresses for all local, all virtual, and all remote mail destinations. This is unlike the aliases(5) table which is used only for local(8) delivery. Virtual aliasing is recursive, and is implemented by the Postfix cleanup(8) daemon before mail is queued.

    The main applications of virtual aliasing are:

    *
    To redirect mail for one address to one or more addresses.
    *
    To implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are aliased to addresses in other domains.

    Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox domains that are implemented with the Postfix virtual(8) mail delivery agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address can have its own mailbox.

    Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient envelope addresses, and does not affect message headers. Use canonical(5) mapping to rewrite header and envelope addresses in general.

    Normally, the virtual(5) alias table is specified as a text file that serves as input to the postmap(1) command. The result, an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command "postmap /etc/postfix/virtual" in order to rebuild the indexed file after changing the text file.

    When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files.

    Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be directed to TCP-based server. In that case, the lookups are done in a slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES" and "TCP-BASED TABLES".  

    CASE FOLDING

    
    
    The search string is folded to lowercase before database
    lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case
    folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose
    lookup fields can match both upper and lower case.
     
    

    TABLE FORMAT

    
    
    The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows:
    
    pattern result
    When pattern matches a mail address, replace it by the corresponding result.
    blank lines and comments
    Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
    multi-line text
    A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with whitespace continues a logical line.
     

    TABLE SEARCH ORDER

    
    
    With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
    tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as
    listed below:
    
    user@domain address, address, ...
    Redirect mail for user@domain to address. This form has the highest precedence.
    user address, address, ...
    Redirect mail for user@site to address when site is equal to $myorigin, when site is listed in $mydestination, or when it is listed in $inet_interfaces or $proxy_interfaces.

    This functionality overlaps with functionality of the local aliases(5) database. The difference is that virtual(5) mapping can be applied to non-local addresses.

    @domain address, address, ...
    Redirect mail for other users in domain to address. This form has the lowest precedence.
     

    RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING

    
    
    The lookup result is subject to address rewriting:
    
    *
    When the result has the form @otherdomain, the result becomes the same user in otherdomain. This works only for the first address in a multi-address lookup result.
    *
    When "append_at_myorigin=yes", append "@$myorigin" to addresses without "@domain".
    *
    When "append_dot_mydomain=yes", append ".$mydomain" to addresses without ".domain".
     

    ADDRESS EXTENSION

    
    
    
    When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter
    (e.g., user+foo@domain), the lookup order becomes:
    user+foo@domain, user@domain, user+foo,
    user, and @domain.
    

    The propagate_unmatched_extensions parameter controls whether an unmatched address extension (+foo) is propagated to the result of table lookup.  

    VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS

    
    
    Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can also be used
    to implement virtual alias domains. With a virtual alias domain, all
    recipient addresses are aliased to addresses in other domains.
    

    Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox domains that are implemented with the Postfix virtual(8) mail delivery agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address can have its own mailbox.

    With a virtual alias domain, the virtual domain has its own user name space. Local (i.e. non-virtual) usernames are not visible in a virtual alias domain. In particular, local aliases(5) and local mailing lists are not visible as [email protected].

    Support for a virtual alias domain looks like:

    /etc/postfix/main.cf: virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

    Note: some systems use dbm databases instead of hash. See the output from "postconf -m" for available database types.


    /etc/postfix/virtual:

    virtual-alias.domain anything (right-hand content does not matter)
    [email protected]      postmaster
    [email protected]   address1
    [email protected]   address2, address3
    

    The virtual-alias.domain anything entry is required for a virtual alias domain. Without this entry, mail is rejected with "relay access denied", or bounces with "mail loops back to myself".

    Do not specify virtual alias domain names in the main.cf mydestination or relay_domains configuration parameters.

    With a virtual alias domain, the Postfix SMTP server accepts mail for [email protected], and rejects mail for unknown-user@virtual-alias.domain as undeliverable.

    Instead of specifying the virtual alias domain name via the virtual_alias_maps table, you may also specify it via the main.cf virtual_alias_domains configuration parameter. This latter parameter uses the same syntax as the main.cf mydestination configuration parameter.  

    REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES

    
    
    This section describes how the table lookups change when the table
    is given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of
    regular expression lookup table syntax, see regexp_table(5)
    or pcre_table(5).
    

    Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire address being looked up. Thus, user@domain mail addresses are not broken up into their user and @domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and foo.

    Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a pattern is found that matches the search string.

    Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with the additional feature that parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on.  

    TCP-BASED TABLES

    
    
    This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups
    are directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP
    client/server lookup protocol, see tcp_table(5).
    This feature is not available up to and including Postfix version 2.3.
    

    Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus, user@domain mail addresses are not broken up into their user and @domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and foo.

    Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.  

    BUGS

    The table format does not understand quoting conventions.  

    CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

    
    
    The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to
    this topic. See the Postfix main.cf file for syntax details
    and for default values. Use the "postfix reload" command after
    a configuration change.
    
    virtual_alias_maps
    List of virtual aliasing tables.
    virtual_alias_domains
    List of virtual alias domains. This uses the same syntax as the mydestination parameter.
    propagate_unmatched_extensions
    A list of address rewriting or forwarding mechanisms that propagate an address extension from the original address to the result. Specify zero or more of canonical, virtual, alias, forward, include, or generic.

    Other parameters of interest:

    inet_interfaces
    The network interface addresses that this system receives mail on. You need to stop and start Postfix when this parameter changes.
    mydestination
    List of domains that this mail system considers local.
    myorigin
    The domain that is appended to any address that does not have a domain.
    owner_request_special
    Give special treatment to owner-xxx and xxx-request addresses.
    proxy_interfaces
    Other interfaces that this machine receives mail on by way of a proxy agent or network address translator.
     

    SEE ALSO

    cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue mail
    postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
    postconf(5), configuration parameters
    canonical(5), canonical address mapping
    
     

    README FILES

    
    
    Use "postconf readme_directory" or
    "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
    
    
    DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
    ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide
    VIRTUAL_README, domain hosting guide
    
     

    LICENSE

    
    
    The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
     
    

    AUTHOR(S)

    Wietse Venema
    IBM T.J. Watson Research
    P.O. Box 704
    Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
    
    

     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    CASE FOLDING
    TABLE FORMAT
    TABLE SEARCH ORDER
    RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING
    ADDRESS EXTENSION
    VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS
    REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES
    TCP-BASED TABLES
    BUGS
    CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
    SEE ALSO
    README FILES
    LICENSE
    AUTHOR(S)


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